NLTK
Last updated
Last updated
NLTK POS-tagging is done with english nltk.pos_tag which internally uses nltk.PerceptronTagger.
Greedy Averaged Perceptron tagger, as implemented by Matthew Honnibal. See more implementation details here: https://explosion.ai/blog/part-of-speech-pos-tagger-in-python>
Quoted from https://www.nltk.org/api/nltk.tag.html
An off-the-shelf tagger is available for English. It uses the Penn Treebank tagset:
$
dollar e.g. $, -$, --$, A$, C$, HK$, M$, NZ$, S$, U.S.$, US$
''
closing quotation mark e.g. ', ''
(
opening parenthesis e.g. (, [, {
,
comma e.g. ,
--
dash e.g. --
.
sentence terminator e.g. ., !, ?
:
colon or ellipsis e.g. :, ;, ...
``
opening quotation mark e.g. `, ``
CC
conjunction, coordinating e.g. &, 'n, and, both, but, either, et, for, less, minus, neither, nor, or, plus, so, therefore, times, v., versus, vs., whether, yet
CD
numeral, cardinal e.g. mid-1890, nine-thirty, forty-two, one-tenth, ten, million, 0.5, one, forty-, seven, 1987, twenty, '79, zero, two, 78-degrees, eighty-four, IX, '60s, .025, fifteen, 271,124, dozen, quintillion, DM2,000, ...
DT
determiner e.g. all, an, another, any, both, del, each, either, every, half, la, many, much, nary, neither, no, some, such, that, the, them, these, this, those
EX
existential there e.g. there
FW
foreign word e.g. gemeinschaft, hund, ich, jeux, habeas, Haementeria, Herr, K'ang-si, vous, lutihaw, alai, je, jour, objets, salutaris, fille, quibusdam, pas, trop, Monte, terram, fiche, oui, corporis, ...
IN
preposition or conjunction, subordinating e.g. astride, among, uppon, whether, out, inside, pro, despite, on, by, throughout, below, within, for, towards, near, behind, atop, around, if, like, until, below, next, into, if, beside, ...
JJ
adjective or numeral, ordinal e.g. third, ill-mannered, pre-war, regrettable, oiled, calamitous, first, separable, ectoplasmic, battery-powered, participatory, fourth, still-to-be-named, multilingual, multi-disciplinary, ...
JJR
adjective, comparative e.g. bleaker, braver, breezier, briefer, brighter, brisker, broader, bumper, busier, calmer, cheaper, choosier, cleaner, clearer, closer, colder, commoner, costlier, cozier, creamier, crunchier, cuter, ...
JJS
adjective, superlative e.g. calmest, cheapest, choicest, classiest, cleanest, clearest, closest, commonest, corniest, costliest, crassest, creepiest, crudest, cutest, darkest, deadliest, dearest, deepest, densest, dinkiest, ...
LS
list item marker e.g. A, A., B, B., C, C., D, E, F, First, G, H, I, J, K, One, SP-44001, SP-44002, SP-44005, SP-44007, Second, Third, Three, Two, *, a, b, c, d, first, five, four, one, six, three, two
MD
modal auxiliary e.g. can, cannot, could, couldn't, dare, may, might, must, need, ought, shall, should, shouldn't, will, would
NN
noun, common, singular or mass e.g. common-carrier, cabbage, knuckle-duster, Casino, afghan, shed, thermostat, investment, slide, humour, falloff, slick, wind, hyena, override, subhumanity, machinist, ...
NNP
noun, proper, singular e.g. Motown, Venneboerger, Czestochwa, Ranzer, Conchita, Trumplane, Christos, Oceanside, Escobar, Kreisler, Sawyer, Cougar, Yvette, Ervin, ODI, Darryl, CTCA, Shannon, A.K.C., Meltex, Liverpool, ...
NNPS
noun, proper, plural e.g. Americans, Americas, Amharas, Amityvilles, Amusements, Anarcho-Syndicalists, Andalusians, Andes, Andruses, Angels, Animals, Anthony, Antilles, Antiques, Apache, Apaches, Apocrypha, ...
NNS
noun, common, plural e.g. undergraduates, scotches, bric-a-brac, products, bodyguards, facets, coasts, divestitures, storehouses, designs, clubs, fragrances, averages, subjectivists, apprehensions, muses, factory-jobs, ...
PDT
pre-determiner e.g. all, both, half, many, quite, such, sure, this
POS
genitive marker e.g. ', 's
PRP
pronoun, personal e.g. hers, herself, him, himself, hisself, it, itself, me, myself, one, oneself, ours, ourselves, ownself, self, she, thee, theirs, them, themselves, they, thou, thy, us
PRP$
pronoun, possessive e.g. her, his, mine, my, our, ours, their, thy, your
RB
adverb e.g. occasionally, unabatingly, maddeningly, adventurously, professedly, stirringly, prominently, technologically, magisterially, predominately, swiftly, fiscally, pitilessly, ...
RBR
adverb, comparative e.g. further, gloomier, grander, graver, greater, grimmer, harder, harsher, healthier, heavier, higher, however, larger, later, leaner, lengthier, less-, perfectly, lesser, lonelier, longer, louder, lower, more, ...
RBS
adverb, superlative e.g. best, biggest, bluntest, earliest, farthest, first, furthest, hardest, heartiest, highest, largest, least, less, most, nearest, second, tightest, worst
RBS
adverb, superlative e.g. best, biggest, bluntest, earliest, farthest, first, furthest, hardest, heartiest, highest, largest, least, less, most, nearest, second, tightest, worst
RBS
particle e.g. aboard, about, across, along, apart, around, aside, at, away, back, before, behind, by, crop, down, ever, fast, for, forth, from, go, high, i.e., in, into, just, later, low, more, off, on, open, out, over, per, pie, raising, start, teeth, that, through, under, unto, up, up-pp, upon, whole, with, you
RP
particle e.g. aboard, about, across, along, apart, around, aside, at, away, back, before, behind, by, crop, down, ever, fast, for, forth, from, go, high, i.e., in, into, just, later, low, more, off, on, open, out, over, per, pie, raising, start, teeth, that, through, under, unto, up, up-pp, upon, whole, with, you
SYM
symbol e.g. %, &, ', '', ''., ), )., *, +, ,., <, =, >, @, A[fj], U.S, U.S.S.R, *, **, ***
TO
"to" as preposition or infinitive marker e.g. to
UH
interjection e.g. Goodbye, Goody, Gosh, Wow, Jeepers, Jee-sus, Hubba, Hey, Kee-reist, Oops, amen, huh, howdy, uh, dammit, whammo, shucks, heck, anyways, whodunnit, honey, golly, man, baby, diddle, hush, sonuvabitch, ...
VB
verb, base form e.g. ask, assemble, assess, assign, assume, atone, attention, avoid, bake, balkanize, bank, begin, behold, believe, bend, benefit, bevel, beware, bless, boil, bomb, boost, brace, break, bring, broil, brush, build, ...
VBD
verb, base form e.g. ask, assemble, assess, assign, assume, atone, attention, avoid, bake, balkanize, bank, begin, behold, believe, bend, benefit, bevel, beware, bless, boil, bomb, boost, brace, break, bring, broil, brush, build, ...
VBG
verb, present participle or gerund e.g. telegraphing, stirring, focusing, angering, judging, stalling, lactating, hankerin', alleging, veering, capping, approaching, traveling, besieging, encrypting, interrupting, erasing, wincing, ...
VBN
verb, past participle e.g. multihulled, dilapidated, aerosolized, chaired, languished, panelized, used, experimented, flourished, imitated, reunifed, factored, condensed, sheared, unsettled, primed, dubbed, desired, ...
VBP
verb, present tense, not 3rd person singular e.g. predominate, wrap, resort, sue, twist, spill, cure, lengthen, brush, terminate, appear, tend, stray, glisten, obtain, comprise, detest, tease, attract, emphasize, mold, postpone, sever, return, wag, ...
VBZ
verb, present tense, 3rd person singular e.g. bases, reconstructs, marks, mixes, displeases, seals, carps, weaves, snatches, slumps, stretches, authorizes, smolders, pictures, emerges, stockpiles, seduces, fizzes, uses, bolsters, slaps, speaks, pleads, ...
WDT
WH-determiner e.g. that, what, whatever, which, whichever
WP
WH-determiner e.g. that, what, whatever, which, whichever
WP$
WH-pronoun, possessive e.g. whose
WRB
WH-adverb e.g. how, however, whence, whenever, where, whereby, whereever, wherein, whereof, why
UPenn Treebank Docs https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC99T42/
python -c "import nltk; nltk.help.upenn_tagset()"
